India has taken significant strides in improving the lives of persons with disabilities (PwDs) through a robust legal framework and numerous welfare schemes. These initiatives aim to ensure equal opportunities, enhance inclusivity, and empower PwDs to lead dignified lives. Central to this is the landmark Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act), which replaced the earlier Disability Act of 1995. In this article, we’ll delve into the key government schemes, benefits, and provisions offered under disability laws in India.

Understanding Disability Laws in India

Disability laws in India aim to create an inclusive society by addressing the rights, education, employment, and social security needs of PwDs. The RPwD Act expanded the list of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21 and mandates reservation in education and employment. Its primary objective is to uphold the dignity of PwDs and eliminate discrimination in all spheres of life.

Key Benefits Offered Under Disability Laws

1. Reservations in Education and Employment

• Education: The RPwD Act mandates a 5% reservation for PwDs in higher educational institutions. This ensures access to quality education, empowering PwDs to become independent and skilled contributors to society.
• Employment: A 4% reservation in government jobs is provided for PwDs. The categories include blindness, deafness, and locomotor disabilities, among others.
• Skill Development: Special training programs have been launched to equip PwDs with skills aligned to modern job markets.

2. Financial Assistance and Concessions

• Disability Pension: PwDs from economically weaker sections are eligible for monthly pensions under schemes like the Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS).
• Income Tax Benefits: PwDs and their guardians receive income tax exemptions under Sections 80U and 80DD of the Income Tax Act. The amount depends on the degree of disability, capped at ₹1,25,000 for severe disabilities.
• Transport Concessions: Concessions in railway and air travel are provided for PwDs, making travel affordable and accessible.

Major Government Schemes for Persons with Disabilities

1. Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)

This flagship initiative focuses on improving physical, digital, and transportation accessibility for PwDs. Key components include:

• Retrofitting public buildings to make them wheelchair accessible.
• Installing accessible elevators and ramps in transportation hubs.
• Promoting the use of assistive technologies in workplaces.

2. Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS)